![]() Individual carbon atoms have an incomplete outermost electron shell. The carbon atom has unique properties that allow it to form covalent bonds to as many as four different atoms, making this versatile element ideal to serve as the basic structural component, or “backbone,” of the macromolecules. The fundamental component for all of these macromolecules is carbon. ![]() The macromolecules are a subset of organic molecules (any carbon-containing liquid, solid, or gas) that are especially important for life. Many complex molecules called macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids (RNA and DNA), carbohydrates, and lipids comprise cells. Describe the role of functional groups in biological molecules.Explain why carbon is important for life.Then ask each group to share their thoughts with other groups.By the end of this section, you will be able to do the following: Once students assemble, ask the individuals within a group to reflect on the reasons for their choice. [ Again have students move to different corners of the room to choose their response: (A) More studies. There is evidence that consuming too many foods that are high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure. There is evidence that consuming too many drinks and foods that are high in sugar can increase the risk of diabetes. There is strong evidence that smoking or chewing tobacco greatly increases the risk of cancer as well as other life-threatening problems. Based on previous research showing evidence that trans fats can increase the risks for cardiovascular disease, what, in your opinion, should be done?ģ. After thinking about the general design of the study and answering the article-based observation questions, what changes to the study design might show even better evidence linking trans fats regulation policies to cardiovascular disease risk?Ģ. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND PUBLIC POLICY Discussion Questions:ġ. What causes atherosclerosis? How does atherosclerosis relate to heart attacks and stroke? What roles do macrophages, high-density lipoproteins and low-density lipoproteins play in atherosclerosis? How are trans fats metabolized differently than natural fats?ģ. How are fats metabolized when you eat them, and what are the main purposes they serve in the body?Ģ. BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Discussion Questions:ġ. ![]() What is the hydrogenation process, and what does it have to do with trans fats? Explain the difference in their physical properties based on their differences in molecular structure.Ħ. ![]() Saturated fats and trans fats tend to have a higher melting point than unsaturated fats. What are isomers? Explain the difference between cis and trans isomers.ĥ. Are trans fats saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, and where do they come from in foods? Describe the chemical structure and general properties of lipids.Ģ. What is the chemical difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids? What does monounsaturated versus polyunsaturated mean?ģ. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES Discussion Questions:ġ. The discussion is subdivided roughly by topic in case you would like to focus on one particular content area. Directions: After students have had a chance to review the article “ Data back ban of artificial trans fats,” lead a classroom discussion based on the questions that follow. ![]()
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